💻 Understanding Deadlocks in OS

🔹 What is a Deadlock?

A deadlock occurs when multiple processes hold some resources and wait indefinitely for other resources held by different processes.

🔹 Necessary Conditions for Deadlock

• Mutual Exclusion: Resources cannot be shared.
• Hold and Wait: A process holding at least one resource is waiting for more.
• No Preemption: A resource cannot be forcibly taken from a process.
• Circular Wait: A set of processes are waiting on each other in a circular fashion.

🔹 Methods to Handle Deadlocks

• Prevention: Ensure at least one necessary condition does not hold.
• Avoidance: Use algorithms like the Banker's algorithm to allocate resources safely.
• Detection: Periodically check for circular wait conditions.
• Recovery: Terminate processes or preempt resources to resolve deadlocks.